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In Brazil, slavery began with the production of sugar in the first half of the sixteenth century. The Portuguese brought African black women and men from their colonies in Africa to use as slave labor in the sugar mills of the Northeast. Portuguese slave traders sold these African blacks as if they were goods here in Brazil. The healthiest were twice as many as those who were weaker or older.
The transportation was made from Africa to Brazil in the holds of the slave ships (also known as tumbeiros). Hundreds, in inhumane conditions, many died before arriving in Brazil, and the bodies were thrown into the sea.
On sugar estates or in gold mines (from the eighteenth century onwards), slaves were treated in the worst possible way. They worked a lot (from sun to sun), only receiving rags and poor quality food. They spent the nights in the senzalas (dark, damp and poorly hygienic sheds) chained (to avoid leakage). They were constantly physically punished, and scourging was the most common punishment in Brazil.
They were forbidden to practice their religion of African origin or to perform their African rituals and festivals. They had to follow the Catholic religion, imposed by the senhores de engenho, to adopt the Portuguese language in communication. Even with all the impositions and restrictions, they did not let the African culture go out. Hidden, performed their rituals, practiced their festivals, maintained their artistic representations and even developed a form of struggle: capoeira.
Black women also suffered much from slavery, although the planters used this labor, especially for housework. Cooks, maids, and even milkmaids were common in those days of the colony