Question

(UNICENTRO – PR)

Southern Europe's Immigration Test

Immigrants have been making their way to Europe for tens of thousands of years. The first modern humans – the first real immigrants – came north from Africa through the Middle East. Since then, periodic waves of migrants have helped redefine Europe's population, its food, its knowledge. After World War II, most migrants headed to northern Europe but as the south has prospered over the past 20 years, it has drawn in growing numbers of people looking for a better life. By the mid-2000s, migrants headed for southern Europe accounted for more than 60% of the continent's new arrivals. They swung the hammers during Spain's construction boom, changed diapers in Greece and worked Italy's fields. European immigration policy has become more bureaucratic over the years. In south, where enforcement of rules has been more lax and informal economies are large, working illegally is often easier than getting proper permits. The economic crisis will slow the flow but is unlikely to undo the demographic shift, not least because the birthrate among immigrants is much higher than the general population's. “If there's a lesson that can be learned from the northern European experience, it’s that temporary migrants tend to remain,” says Joaquín Arango, professor of sociology at the Complutense University of Madrid. Here's another: when a society marginalizes its newest members, trouble ensues. Southern Europe needed its immigrants. Now it needs to find a place for them.

(Adapted from: . Accessed on: April 1st 2015.)

Choose the alternative in which the information about the words underlined is correct.

A
In “Immigrants have been making their way to Europe for tens of thousands of years”, the present perfect continuous tense underlined is used to describe an action that happened in a distant past.


B
In “for southern Europe accounted for more than 60% of the continent’s new arrivals”, the number underlined refers to the percentage of the continent occupied by new migrants.


C
In “working illegally is often easier than getting proper permits”, the comparative underlined is related to “enforcement of rules”.


D
In “The economic crisis will slow the flow but is unlikely to undo the demographic shift”, the word underlined is formed by a prefix meaning “less”.


E
In “If there’s a lesson that can be learned from the northern European experience”, the passive voice underlined is being used to focus the fact, not who performed it.

Answer 1

The alternative in which the information about the words underlined is CORRECT:

E ) In “If there’s a lesson that can be learned from the northern European experience”, the passive voice underlined is being used to focus the fact, not who performed it.

Em português:

E) Em "Se há uma lição que pode ser aprendida com a experiência do norte da Europa", a voz passiva sublinhada  está sendo usado para focar o fato, não quem o executou.

Na voz passiva, o sujeito sofre a ação expressa pelo verbo. Assim, o foco da frase está na ação praticada e no ser que sofre a ação.

Note que, na frase do item E, não é revelado quem aprendeu a lição.

Para o texto, não importa quem aprendeu, mas sim o que foi aprendido.

Por isso, o foco está no fato ocorrido.