Question

SALVADOR ALLEN DE AND THE CIABy Jack Devine (ex-member of the CIA)1The CIA's covert efforts to reduce support for President Salvador Allende played an important role in the extreme political confusion that characterized his time in power. But the fierce opposition Allende faced was primarily a response to his own flawed economic policies, which hurt not only the wealthy hut the middle and working classes as well Perhaps fearing that his narrow margin of victory gave him little time to pursue his vision of a socialist Chile. Allende rushed into a program of land reform, nationalization of industry, and government spending to stimulate the economy Initially, it seemed to work In the government's first year, real GDP grew by nearly eight percent production increased by more than 12 percent, and consumption levels grew at a rate of 13 percent. But by early 1971. Allende's economic populism began to backfire. Landlords became reluctant to maintain properties that might be seized at any moment. Business owners began leaving the country, taking their capital and entrepreneurial knowledge with them. And the public in general suffered shortages of basic goods.2Allende faced political problems, too. The moderate Christian Democrats were alarmed by his nationalization of industry and opposed his agenda in parliament. MeanvAiHe. leftists in Allende's ruling coalition thought he should move even faster. Their impatience encouraged the Revolutionary Left Movement vAiich sponsored confiscations of privately held land in the countryside, often by violent means, creating a climate of fear and worsening food shortages.3Among my group of secret helpers at the time was an elderly middle-class woman, a grandmotherly type. She suggested putting together a demonstration in which women would carry pots and pans along with banners protesting the scarcity of food and basic household items. It sounded like a good idea, at least worth a small CIA investment. I gave her several hundred dollars but had low expectations. So / was stunned a few weeks later when / was walking near a park not far from the U.S. embassy and heard the thunder of thousands of women parading down the street pounding on pots and pans. There, among those directing the marchers toward the presidential palace, was my helper. Later that night as the demonstrators gathered outside the palace, leftist students arrived on the scene and physically attacked the women. Images of Chilean housewives getting harassed by leftist youths flashed around the world, creating a publicity nightmare for the Allende government and a rallying point for the opposition.4The demonstration came to be known as "the March of the Empty Pots and Pans." and soon, similar protests were organized by other women's groups, sometimes aimed at the military, which the women challenged to act against Allende.Adapted from Foreign Affairs July/August 2014.14'XTFGV |GRADUAÇÃO|31/05/2015| A39Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?A By weakening Salvador Allende politically and economically, the CIA, more than any other organization, guaranteed his fall from power.B The CIA’s covert efforts to remove Salvador Allende from power, while effective, were clearly illegal.C Salvador Allende was deposed because the members of Chile’s elite were strongly influenced by the CIA.D By mishandling Chile s economy, Salvador Allende created a situation in which Chileans of many classes opposed him.E By imposing disastrous socialist economic policies in Chile, Salvador Allende lost the formerly strong support of the country's wealthy, middle, and working classes.

Answer 1

A alternativa correta é a E.

O texto fala do governo de Salvador Allende, na década de 1970, de caráter socialista. Nessa época, a Guerra Fria estava em seu auge, com embates entre Estados Unidos e União Soviética sobre a dominação ideológica mundial, entre capitalismo e comunismo.

Então, a política socialista aplicada no Chile inicialmente teve efeitos positivos, mas depois levou ao descontentamento de trabalhadores, além da fuga de capital empresarial do país.