Question

Hydrogen-powered flight

In the swamps of 1950s Florida, a loud roaring occasionally disturbed the serenity of the local alligators. Under conditions of strictest secrecy, engineers from Pratt & Whitney, an aerospace company, were testing a new type of engine that was powered by a strange substance apparently piped in from a fertiliser plant in the nearby town of Apix. In reality, the town was just a name on a map and the fertiliser plant was a ruse to fool the Russians. The disturbances were the result of Project Suntan, an attempt by America’s air force to build a plane fuelled with hydrogen. It nearly worked. The engines operated successfully, but storing and supplying the hydrogen itself proved too expensive for production to continue.

Suntan was just the first of a string of failed attempts to use hydrogen to power heavier-than-air flight. The allure is great. Hydrogen packs three times as much energy per kilogram as kerosene, the current standard aviation fuel, and lightness is at a premium aloft. Tupolev, in what was then the Soviet Union, tried in the 1980s. Boeing tried in the 2000s. A small demonstrator has flown in Germany. But nothing has, as it were, really taken off. Hydrogen, though light, is bulky, making it awkward to store on board. It must be either pressurised or liquefied, both of which bring complications of their own. On top of that, there is no established infrastructure for making and distributing it.

Now, though, circumstances have changed. Aviation is under pressure to curb carbon-dioxide emissions by burning less kerosene. And talk of building hydrogen-manufacturing-and-delivery infrastructure for other purposes, such as heating and ground transport, is now becoming serious, meaning that hydrogen might become available as commodity, rather than having to be made specially. the balance of advantage may thus be shifting. So a few brave souls are looing once again at the idea of hydrogen-powered flight.

1) Waht is the general idea of the text?
a) There is no established infrastructure for making and distributing hy drogen.
b) A loud roaring occasionally disturbs the alligators in the swamps of Florida.
c) Suntan is a company trying to make airplanes that are heavier than air.
d) Hydrogen-powered is becoming more interesting because it allows lower carbon-dioxide emissions.

2) In the 1950's American air force tried unsuccessfully to build a plane fueled with hydrogen. Why was it unsuccessful?
a) Because hydrogen packs three times as much energy per kilogram as kerosene.
b) Because kerosene is the standard aviation fuel.
c) Because it was too expensive to store and supply the hydrogen.
d) Because it was important for hydrogen to become available as a commodity.

3) According to the text, why ware there disturbances in the swamps of Florida in the 1950's?
a) Because the alligators made loud roaring noises.
b) Because they were testing a new engine powered by hydrogen.
c) Project Suntan way trying to store hydrogen.
d) Project Suntan was concerned with the intesity of the ultraviolet rays.

4) Why is the aviation industry reconsidering the use of hydrogen?
a) To reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
b) Because the carbon-dioxide emissions are disturbing the serenity of the local alligators.
c) Because the Project Suntan was a success, and they want to replicate for the entire industry.
d) Hydrogen is cheaper than Kerosene.


5) I was actually ____ better communication with that memo.
a) aiming on
b) aiming at
c) aiming over
d) aiming to

6) If the company continues to ____ debts at this rate, they will have to declare bankruptcy eventually.
a) incur
b) save
c) default
d) raise

Answer 1

O texto nos conta sobre o teste com aviões em 1950 perto dos pântanos da florida. No evento estavam testando a viabilidade do hidrogênio como combustível para aviões. O projeto foi chamado Sultan. Infelizmente, apesar de ter funcionado bem, os motores do avião funcionaram bem, descobriu-se que era muito difícil armazenar e transportar hidrogênio, que apesar de leve é volumoso.

Mais recentemente o plano de abastecer aviões com hidrogênio foi retomado devido à necessidade de se cortar as emissões de carbono.  

Vamos às perguntas:

1) What is the general idea of the text?

a) There is no established infrastructure for making and distributing hy drogen.

b) A loud roaring occasionally disturbs the alligators in the swamps of Florida.

c) Suntan is a company trying to make airplanes that are heavier than air.

d) Hydrogen-powered is becoming more interesting because it allows lower carbon-dioxide emissions.

2) In the 1950's American air force tried unsuccessfully to build a plane fueled with hydrogen. Why was it unsuccessful?

a) Because hydrogen packs three times as much energy per kilogram as kerosene.

b) Because kerosene is the standard aviation fuel.

c) Because it was too expensive to store and supply the hydrogen.

d) Because it was important for hydrogen to become available as a commodity.

3) According to the text, why ware there disturbances in the swamps of Florida in the 1950's?

a) Because the alligators made loud roaring noises.

b) Because they were testing a new engine powered by hydrogen.

c) Project Suntan way trying to store hydrogen.

d) Project Suntan was concerned with the intesity of the ultraviolet rays.

4) Why is the aviation industry reconsidering the use of hydrogen?

a) To reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

b) Because the carbon-dioxide emissions are disturbing the serenity of the local alligators.

c) Because the Project Suntan was a success, and they want to replicate for the entire industry.

d) Hydrogen is cheaper than Kerosene.

5) I was actually ____ better communication with that memo.

a) aiming on

b) aiming at

c) aiming over

d) aiming to

6) If the company continues to ____ debts at this rate, they will have to declare bankruptcy eventually.

a) incur

b) save

c) default

d) raise

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