Question

Em língua inglesa, considerando circunstâncias específicas, tanto o tempo verbal Present Perfect quanto o tempo verbal Past Simple podem ser utilizados para fazermos referência a ações e fatos já concluídos. O texto a seguir é uma notícia, cujo assunto principal é a aposentadoria de Fernando Alonso, famoso corredor espanhol de Fórmula 1. Ali podemos notar o uso do Present Perfect e do Past Simple para fazer referência a acontecimentos passados

Answer 1

As assertivas corretas estão presentes na Alternativa 2 -  II e III, apenas

Simple Past

Tempo verbal usado para falar sobre ações que aconteceram no passado e não estão mais acontecendo no presente.

Exemplos:

• I went to school yesterday.
• They bought a new car.
• She worked hard last Sunday.  
  

Present perfect

Tempo verbal usado para falar sobre ações que começaram no passado e ainda estão acontecendo no presente ou terminaram recentemente.

A estrutura do present perfect é:

sujeito + have / has + verbo no particípio

have >> usado com I - we - you - they

has   >> usado com he - she - it

Exemplos:

• David has lived in Japan since 2012.
• My brother  has just arrived from Boston.
• I have studied English for 10 years.
• The kids have just finished his homework.

Complementando a tarefa (texto de referência)

FERNANDO ALONSO: MCLAREN'S SPANISH DRIVER TO RETIRE FROM FORMULA 1 AT END OF SEASON

Spanish two-time world champion Fernando Alonso has announced he is to retire from Formula 1 at the end of the season.

The McLaren driver will end a career that began with a debut for Minardi at the Australian Grand Prix of 2001.

Alonso, 37, who is competing in his 17th F1 season, won the 2005 and 2006 championships when racing for Renault.

"After 17 wonderful years in this amazing sport it's time for me to make a change and move on," he said.

"I made this decision some months ago and it was a firm one. There are still several grands prix to go this season, and I will take part in them with more commitment and passion than ever," he added.

"Let's see what the future brings; new exciting challenges are around the corner. I'm having one of the happiest times ever in my life but I need to go on exploring new adventures."

Alonso has in recent years branched out into other series and in June he won the Le Mans 24 Hours sportscar race at his first attempt.

He joined Toyota's World Endurance Championship (WEC) programme this season with the aim of winning Le Mans, and has dovetailed it with F1.

That victory provided him with the second part of motorsport's 'triple crown'. Twice a Monaco Grand Prix winner, he is only missing Indianapolis 500 success.

He competed in the Indy 500 for the only time to date in May 2017, retiring towards the end of the race with engine failure, having run strongly throughout and led for a total of 27 laps.

Only Englishman Graham Hill has won all three classic races in the history of motorsport.

Alonso ended Michael Schumacher's five-year dominance of the drivers' championship when he won the first of his titles in 2005.

At the time, he became the youngster ever driver to win the title.

He has also finished championship runner-up three times, and to date has achieved 32 wins, 22 pole positions and 97 podium finishes.

In his statement confirming he would retire at the end of this season, he suggested there may be a chance of him one day returning.

"I want to thank everyone at McLaren," he said. "My heart is with the team forever.

"I know they will come back stronger and better in the future and it could be the right moment for me to be back in the series; that would make me really happy."

Considerando as ideias acima, avalie as assertivas seguintes:

I. No texto, há uma fala de Alonso em que ele afirma que jamais esteve tão feliz em toda sua vida. Esse trecho contém o verbo have, como verbo principal, conjugado no Present Perfect. O uso desse tempo verbal justifica-se pelo uso da expressão ever no referido excerto.

II. No texto, o verbo announce é utilizado para informar que Alonso anunciou que se aposentará da Fórmula 1 no final da temporada. Esse verbo está conjugado no Present Perfect, pois, no trecho, não há indicação de um momento específico no passado em que o corredor fez o anúncio.

III. No trecho do texto em que há a fala de Alonso informando quando ele tomou a decisão de se aposentar, o verbo make aparece conjugado no Past Simple. Isso pode ser justificado pelo fato de haver uma indicação de tempo específico no passado de quando a tomada da decisão ocorreu.

IV. No trecho do texto em que há referência à experiência de Alonso na corrida Indy 500, o verbo compete está conjugado no Past Simple. Porém, de acordo com a gramática normativa da língua inglesa, o tempo verbal adequado a ser utilizado ali seria o Present Perfect, dado o uso da expressão to date no trecho.

É correto o que se afirma em:

Alternativa 1:  I e II, apenas

Alternativa 2:  II e III, apenas  √

Alternativa 3:  II e IV, apenas

Alternativa 4:  II, III e IV, apenas

Alternativa 5:  I, II, III e IV

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