Question

Read and answer the questions.
This year the world will mark the 100th anniversary of one of the most devastating infectious disease
events in recorded history: the 1918 influenza pandemic, which caused an estimated 50 million to 100
million deaths worldwide. In the years since 1918, three influenza pandemics associated with antigenic
shifts occurred: in 1957, 1968 and 2009. In each of these instances, however, the new viruses emerged
via the mixing of animal influenza virus genes with those of the 1918)descended viruses already
circulating in the human population, which meant that many people were at least partially immune. That,
plus lower viral pathogenicity and improvements in public health infrastructure and medical treatment, is
what probably led to less catastrophic pandemics. The remarkable capacity of influenza viruses to
undergo antigenic drift or shift to overcome and escape human population immunity leaves us
vulnerable to a public health disaster potentially as serious as the 1918 pandemic. To meet this global
health challenge, scientists are working to develop “universal influenza vaccines” new types of
inoculations that can provide protection not only against changing seasonal influenza viruses but also
against the inevitable pandemic viruses that will emerge in the future. The objective is to design a
vaccine to generate antibody responses to parts of the virus that are common to all influenza strains
and do not readily change by mutation. It is also crucial to clarify how other parts of the immune system
work together with antibodies to protect against influenza. The hurdles in the development of such
vaccines are daunting. But we are optimistic that we can apply existing tools and experimental
strategies to meet the challenge.Segundo o texto, a gripe espanhola de 1918 foi uma pandemia que
( ) passou para a história por ser a primeira que foi estudada por cientistas.
( ) levou à morte de 50 a 100 milhões de pessoas no mundo todo.
( ) teve o mais amplo registro de seus antígenos.
( ) provocou um número grande de doenças infecciosas em várias partes do mundo.
( ) havia causado muitas mortes 100 anos antes.

Answer 1

Resposta: Segundo o texto, a gripe espanhola de 1918 foi uma pandemia que   levou à morte de 50 a 100 milhões de pessoas no mundo todo.

Explicação:  Trecho do texto: "the 1918 influenza pandemic, which caused an estimated 50 million to 100

million deaths worldwide"