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Together with France, one of the world's largest producers, Italy sometimes produces more than 60 million hectoliters in a year. In the early 1990s, Italy had 1.4 million hectares of vineyards, but with the European standard of reducing the number of vineyards planted, that area was reduced to 856 thousand hectares in 2004.
Normally Italy exports more wines than any other country in Europe, most of which are used for blends and exported mainly to Germany and France.
Unlike France and Spain, vines are grown practically in all regions of the Italian peninsula, from the Alps in the north to the islands near Africa. Viticulture is rooted in national consciousness, in its imagination and in its daily life. Until the 80's it was inconceivable for an Italian to sit down to eat without a wine at the table.
The relation of Italian to wine is not necessarily hedonistic. Normal Italian is far from being a "connoisseur," but merely an heir of thousands of years of vine growing and wine production.
The result is called an "Italian paradox": A country with an immense tradition of wine, where Roman legions spread wine-growing throughout Western Europe, where wine is ubiquitous in the life and customs of the nation, taken "from national consciousness. Most Italians do not know and do not even want to know how the grapes grew and were turned into wine.
While France and Germany played the leading role at the beginning of the modern wine-making era, where wines circulated in bottles with labels indicating the origin and the producer in most of Italy (except Piedmont, Tuscany and some isolated regions) was always sold in bulk even after World War II. Very few wines were exported until 1970, a significant part of which were destined for large colonies of Italian immigrants in northern Europe, the United States, and South America (Argentina, for example, was one of Barolo's largest markets shortly after World War II) .
Knowledge about viticulture and oenology of non-Italian wines is practically non-existent in Italy, and the circulation of foreign wines is limited to the elites of large cities. Luigi Veronelli's book written in the late 1950s was the first on Italian wines in general in more than 350 years, since the work of Andrea Bacci in 1595. Even in the early 1990s, wine appreciation was an activity with little significance to Italians.
To consider the history of wine in Italy is to consider the history of Italy itself. Wine and Italian civilization are virtually synonymous. The ancient Greeks already knew the importance of viticulture in the peninsula when they baptized the region of "Enotria", or "Land of Wines".