Question

Global Thinking in the 21st Century
At the end of the 20th century, the world changed in important ways. Until recently nations acted
independently. Each did its business and tried to solve its problems alone. But now, the economy is
worldwide and communications technologies have connected people all over the globe. Many problems are
global too, and can no longer be solved by individual nations.
Environmental destruction is one of these problems. As the world's population has grown and technology
has developed, the environment has suffered. Some nations have begun to try to stop the pollution and the
environmental destruction. But the environment is global - the atmosphere, the oceans, and many forms of
life are all connected. Thus, the solutions require global thinking,
The problem of ocean pollution is a good example. Since all the oceans of the world are connected.
Pollution does not stay where it begins. It spreads out from every river and every harbor and affects bodies
of water everywhere.
For centuries, people have used the oceans as a dumping place. Many cities take tons of garbage out to
sea and dump it there. Five million plastic containers are thrown into the world's oceans every day! Aside
from plastics, many other dangerous substances are dumped in oceans.
Some people believe that oceans are so large that chemicals and waste will disappear. However, many
things, such as chemicals and plastics, stay in the water and create problems.
Another global pollution problem concerns the atmosphere. Until recently, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were
used around the world in manufacturing refrigerators. Scientists discovered that these CFCs were
destroying the ozone layer in the atmosphere and this layer helps protect the earth from the sun's rays.
Without this layer, most forms of life on earth - including humans - probable would not be able to live.
CFCs will soon be completely banned in the United States and in most developed countries while many
other countries still use CFCs in manufacturing. Among these are some of the most populous on earth,
such as India and China, which need to change their refrigerator factories to non-CPC processes. But they
may not be able to make this change alone and will need help from the industrialized countries. This is
what global thinking means - working together for solutions.
9) Some examples of the use of the present perfect were extracted from the text(... communications
technologies have connected people all over the globe.... the environment has suffered, Some nations
have begun to try..., ... people have used the oceans as a dumping place). This verb tense was used
because
a) the development process is in the past
b) the development process is widespread
c) the development process is happening within a limited time span
d) the development process is happening at the time of speech
e) the development process is on-going

Answer 1

A resposta é letra E, só pelo título do texto já dá pra matar, pois aquecimento global é um problema q aconteceu e continua acontecendo

Answer 2

e) the development process is on-going .

O present perfect é usado para a indicação de ações que se iniciaram no passado e se prolongam até o momento presente, ou que apenas foram concluídas recentemente.

É possível observar que a única alternativa que apresenta alguma relação com a utilização do tempo verbal present perfect é a alternativa e. Visto que a mesma afirma que o tempo verbal foi usado, pois o processo de desenvolvimento se encontra em curso, isto é, começou no passado e se prolongou até o presente.

Bons estudos!