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CELLPHONE RADIATION MAY ALTER YOUR BRAIN New York Times

In a culture where people cradle their cellphones next to their heads with the same
constancy and affection that toddlers (crianças) hold their security blankets( paninhos,…), it
was unsettling ( preocupante ) last month when a study published in The Journal of the
American Medical Association indicated that doing so could alter brain activity

It said it was unclear whether the changes in the brain — an increase in glucose
metabolism after using the phone for less than an hour — had any negative health or
behavioral effects.
“Cellphones are fantastic and have done much to increase productivity,” said
Dr.Nora Volkow , the lead investigator of the study and director of the National Institute of
Drug Abuse at the National Institutes of Health . “I’d never tell people to stop using them
entirely.”
As a result of her findings, she advises users to keep cellphones at a distance by
putting them on speaker mode or using a wired headset whenever possible. The next best
option is a wireless Bluetooth headset or earpiece, which emit radiation at far lower levels. If
a headset isn’t feasible, holding your phone just slightly away from your ear can make a big
difference; the intensity of radiation diminishes sharply with distance. “Every millimeter
counts,” said Louis Slesin, editor of Microwave News, an online newsletter covering health
and safety issues related to exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
So, crushing your cellphone into your ear to hear better in a crowded bar is probably
a bad idea. Go outside if you have to take or make a call. And you might not want to put your
cellphone in your breast or pants pocket either, because that also puts it right up against
your body. Carry it in a purse or briefcase or get a nonmetallic belt clip that orients it away
from your body.

Some studies have suggested a link between cellphone use and cancer,
lower bone density and infertility in men. But other studies show no effect at all.
Given the mixed messages and continuing research, Robert Kenny, a Federal
Communications Commission spokesman, said in an e-mail, “As always, we will
continue to study this issue and coordinate with our federal partners.”

The phone used in Dr. Volkow’s study was a Samsung Knack, model SCH-U310, a
flip phone that was in wide use when she began planning her experiments two and half
years ago. But today’s ubiquitous smartphones emit even more radiation as they transmit
more, and more complex, data.
You can get an idea of the relative amounts of radiation various cellphone models
emit by looking at their SAR, or specific absorption rate. This number indicates how much
radiation is absorbed by the body when using the handset at maximum power. A cellphone
cannot be sold in the United States unless an F.C.C.-approved laboratory says its SAR is
below 1.6 watts per kilogram. In Europe, the maximum is 2 watts per kilogram.
Many cellphones emit the most radiation when they initially establish contact with
the cell tower, making their “digital handshake.” To reduce exposure it’s best to wait until
after your call has been connected to put your cellphone next to your ear.
It’s advisable to hold the phone away from your ear when you are talking and only
bring it close to your ear when you are listening. The emission of radiation is “significantly
less when a cellphone is receiving signals than when it is transmitting.
Moreover, your cellphone emits less when you are stationary because when you are
moving rapidly — say, in a car or train — it must repeatedly issue little bursts of radiation to
make digital handshakes with different towers as it moves in and out of range. (More cause
to hang up when you buckle up.)
Any situation where your cellphone has a weak signal indicates it has to work
harder and thus will emit more radiation. “Fewer bars means more radiation ” .
Children’s developing brains and tissues are thought to be most vulnerable to
cellphone radiation.

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